I. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REASONS FOR DESTRUCTION IN LIVING SYSTEMS1. Cells and Organisms as Open Systems2. Role of Reactive Species in Destructions3. Oxidation and Reduction of Biological Material
II. PROTECTION AGAINST CYTOTOXIC COMPONENTS AND DESTRUCTIONS4. Disturbances in Energy Supply5. Mechanisms of Cell Death6. Immune Response and Tissue Damage7. Acute-Phase Proteins and Additional Protective Systems
III. AGEING PROCESSES AND DEVELOPMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL STATES8. Aging in Complex Multicellular Organisms9. Cell and Tissue Destruction in Selected Disorders10. Organ Damage and Failure11. Conclusions
Appendix: Some Basics About Redox Reactions in Living Systems