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This innovative volume explores empirical legal issues around the world. While legal studies have traditionally been worked on and of letters and with a normative bent, in recent years quantitative methods have gained traction by offering a brand new perspective of understanding law. That is, legal scholars have started to crunch numbers, not letters, to tease out the effects of law on the regulated industries, citizens, or judges in reality.

In this edited book, authors from leading institutions in the U.S., Europe, and Asia investigate legal issues in South Africa, Argentina, the...

Every real-world problem from economic to scientific and engineering fields is ultimately confronted with a common task, viz., optimization. Genetic and evolutionary algorithms (GEAs) have often achieved an enviable success in solving optimization problems in a wide range of disciplines. The goal of this book is to provide effective optimization algorithms for solving a broad class of problems quickly, accurately, and reliably by employing evolutionary mechanisms. In this regard, five significant issues have been investigated:

• Bridging the gap between theory and practice of...

In a discussion that brings together the history of science with the philosophy of science, Chang...

The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, which was led by British staff, is often seen as one of the key agents of Western imperialism in China, the customs revenue being one of the major sources of Chinese government income but a source much of which was pledged to Western banks as the collateral for, and interests payments on, massive loans. This book, however, based on extensive original research, considers the lower level staff of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service, and shows how the Chinese government, struggling to master Western expertise in many areas, pursued a deliberate policy of...

These poems are superannuated haiku, missives from the velveteen earth, and sketches of a divine immortality. They are purlieus of eye-bending syllabics combined in hyphenated ghost-like form. Curved out in their final destiny, they smack of mild confession from a former journalist-turned-poet. These verses sing of nocturnal vision, searing with eternal life on the map of botanical weather; sunny expatriates in the demesne of feminist struggle sing of triumph in the purple sunrise, with wild tongues of glory. Like an origami crane, these poems are carefully crafted with bewitching geometry...