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This book consists of three chapters that each describe recent advancements in the field of thermodynamics, which is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature. Chapter One provides a calculated confirmation of the theoretical positions of the concept of non-equilibrium and its mathematical apparatus using examples of determining the loss of non-equilibrium of adiabatic and isolated systems. Chapter Two focuses on the thermodynamic behavior of hydrophobic non-electrolyte tetramethylurea (TMU) and well-established hydrophilic non-electrolyte urea (U) in three solvents...