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Historians from North and South America, Europe, and Africa explore how the cultures of Africans changed both in western Africa and in Brazil from about 1600 to 1850. They look at the Portuguese slave trade, fluidity and evolution of identities among slaves, and the impact of Brazil and Brazilian slaves on western Africa. Most of the 12 essays were

More than four decades have passed and the Sharpe Ratio (SR) continues to be one of the most popular portfolio risk adjusted performance measures. In this monograph we comment on Los (2002) results for the time aggregation of SR considering a different approach to deal with the conditional heteroskedasticity of returns. Based on a theorem proposed by Diebold (1986, 1988) we verify that the most common method for time aggregation, the product of the higher-frequency SR by the square root of the number of periods contained in the lower-frequency holding period, can still be used in the presence...