1. Introduction; 2. IHL proportionality in international law; 3. Other standards of moderation in international humanitarian law; 4. The concept of proportionality in international humanitarian law; 5. Proportionality in context; 6. Components of the equation; 7. Proportionality in practice; 8. Assessing proportionality; 9. Determining excessiveness and a plea for tilting the balance towards humanity.