The European Pentarchy and the Congress of Verona, 1822

ISBN-13: 9789401503730 / Angielski / Miękka / 1971 / 363 str.

Irby Coghill Nichols

Opis

For one reason or another. modem historians have neglected the Congress of Verona. some because they thought the field already had been thoroughly plowed. while others doubted that enough material could be found for more than an article or two on the subject. Indeed. not a single book-length monograph of this international assembly has ever been published in any language. This study. therefore. attempts to fill the gap by (1) explaining the genesis of the Congress. (2) furnishing a comprehensive account of its work. (3) revising some of the interpretations of Sir Charles K. Webster. Harold W. V. Temperley. and others. and (4) analyzing the significance of the Congress. with emphasis on its contribution to the fall of the Quintuple Alliance. a consequence aided by the dissimilar and often contradictory interests of the allies themselves. This book is essentially a diplomatic history. but diplomats. of course. do not live in a vacuum. Numerous political. social. commercial. financial. and sometimes even religious factors. impinge upon their consciousness.

Spis treści

I Genesis of the Congress: February 1821-October 1822.- Prologue the Diplomatic Background of the Congress.- 1. The Congress is called.- 2. The Eastern Question.- 3. The Hanoverian Rendezvous.- 4. The Shift from Castlereagh to Canning.- I The Road to Vienna.- 1. The Castlereagh Instructions.- 2. The Wellington Mission.- 3. The Ascendancy of Villèlè.- 4. Franco-Spanish Relations, 1820-1822.- 5. The Villèle-Wellington Interview.- II The Vienna Stalemate.- 1. The Conference Convenes.- 2. The Spanish Question.- 3. The Eastern Question.- 4. Italian Questions.- 5. A Retrospect.- The Congress at Work: October-December 1822.- III From Vienna to Verona: Preliminaries to the Congress.- 1. Exodus.- 2. The Canning Instructions.- 3. The Villèle Instructions.- 4. Reunion in Verona: The Congress at Play.- 5. Agenda and Procedure.- IV The Spanish Question.- 1. The Montmorency Mémoire.- 2. The British Remonstrance and Allied Reaction.- 3. Dichotomy of the French Delegation.- 4. Triumph of the Franco-Russian Entente.- 5. International Finance and Intervention: The Brothers Rothschild and Ouvrard.- 6. A Retrospect.- V The Spanish Colonial Question.- 1. Genesis.- 2. Wellington’s Dissent.- 3. The Villèle-Montmorency Vendetta Revisited.- 4. The British Brief.- 5. The Anglo-Continental Impasse.- 6. The Gameiro Affair.- 7. The British Reservation.- 8. A Retrospect.- VI The Slave Trade Question.- 1. Genesis.- 2. The Impossible Quest.- 3. The Black Tide.- 4. The Six Point.- 5. The Implacable French and Diffident Allies.- 6. A Retrospect.- 7. Epilogue.- VII The Italian Congress.- 1. The Charles Albert Affair.- 2. The Evacuation of Piedmont.- 3. The Evacuation of Naples.- 4. Mettemich’s Italian League (Lega Italica).- 5. The Sardinian Waldenses.- 6. The Swiss Confederation and Piedmontese Refugees.- 7. The Knights of Malta.- 8. The Aldobrandini Appeal.- 9. A Retrospect.- VIII Great Britain and the Golden Maxim.- 1. The Austrian War Debt.- 2. The Russian Ukase.- 3. The Eastern Question.- 4. The Navigation of the Rhine.- 5. A Retrospect.- IX The Curtain Falls.- 1. The Verona Circular (December 14,1822).- 2. Exodus.- 3. The Second Villèle-Wellington Interview.- 4. A Retrospect.- III Problems in Historiography and Interpretation.- X Wellington and the Congress.- 1. The Alleged Crime.- 2. The Prosecution.- 3. The Defense.- 4. The Verdict.- XI Chateaubriand and the Congress.- 1. The Debate.- 2. Ambition and Intrigue.- 3. The Mission.- 4. Reception at Verona.- 5. A Retrospect.- XII Chateaubriand’s War.- 1. The French Ministerial Crisis (December 1822).- 2. France Goes It Alone.- 3. Britain Adopts Neutrality.- 4. A Retrospect.- Epilogue from Congress System to Concert of Europe.- 1. The Secret Treaty of Verona.- 2. The Congress and the Alliance.- 3. Fall of the Alliance.- 4. The Legacy.