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The propagation of signals through the nervous system depends on rapid changes in electric potential across cell membranes. These changes are mediated by ion channelsmacromolecular pores that facilitate the passage of specific ions (e.g., K+ or Na+) through cell membranes in response to various signals. Defects in ion channels can lead to diseases such as epilepsy.
This laboratory manual provides state-of-the-art techniques for investigating ion channel properties and activity, particularly in the nervous system. Contributors present electrophysiological methods to examine single-channel...

By definition, international law, once agreed upon and consented to, applies to all parties equally. It is perhaps the one area of law where cross-country comparison seems inappropriate, because all parties are governed by the same rules. However, as this book explains, states sometimes adhere to similar, and at other times, adopt different interpretations of the same international norms and standards. International legal rules are not a monolithic whole, but are the basis for ongoing contestation in which states set forth competing interpretations. International norms are interpreted and...

This volume presents the foundations of carbon nanotube science, reviewing recent developments and prospects for practical application. Each chapter summarizes relevant concepts from physics, chemistry or materials science, followed by detailed reports on topics including polymorphism and mircostructure of carbon; synthesis and growth; structural analysis by electron microscopy; spectroscopic methods; electronic structure; transport; mechanical and surface properties of nanotubes and composites.