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Childbirth is a quintessential family event that simultaneously holds great promise and runs the risk of danger. By the late nineteenth century, the birthing room had become a place where the goals of the new scientific professional could be demonstrated, but where traditional female knowledge was in conflict with the new ways. Here the choice of attendants and their practices defined gender, ethnicity, class, and the role of the professional.

Using the methodology of social science theory, particularly quantitative statistical analysis and historical demography, Charlotte Borst...

Powerful strategies, tools, and techniques for educators teaching students critical reading skills in the humanities.

Every educator understands the importance of teaching students how to read critically. Even the best teachers, however, find it challenging to translate their own learned critical reading practices into explicit strategies for their students. Critical Reading Across the Curriculum: Humanities, Volume 1 presents exceptional insight into what educators require to facilitate critical and creative thinking skills.

Written by scholar-educators from...

ECM2 is a completely updated and expanded Second Edition of the well-established Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics. The project has once again been prepared under the guidance of three of the world's foremost experts in the field:

• Erwin Stein, Professor Emeritus, Stein Institut fUr Baumechanik und Numerische Mechanik, Leibniz UniversitAt, Hannover, Germany
• RenE de Borst, Centenary Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
• Thomas J. R. Hughes, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Chair in Computational and Applied Mathematics and Professor of Aerospace...

Computational Methods for Fracture in Porous Media: Isogeometric and Extended Finite Element Methods provides a self-contained presentation of new modeling techniques for simulating crack propagation in fluid-saturated porous materials. This book reviews the basic equations that govern fluid-saturated porous media. A multi-scale approach to modeling fluid transport in joins, cracks, and faults is described in such a way that the resulting formulation allows for a sub-grid representation of the crack and fluid flow in the crack. Interface elements are also analyzed with their...