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Gerd Gigerenzer's influential work examines the rationality of individuals not from the perspective of logic or probability, but from the point of view of adaptation to the real world of human behavior and interaction with the environment. Seen from this perspective, human behavior is more rational than it might otherwise appear. This work is extremely influential and has spawned an entire research program. This volume collects recent articles, looking at how people use "fast and frugal heuristics" to calculate probability and risk and make decisions. It includes the revised articles and...

Taking the viewpoint that experts are consulted when there is something important at stake for an individual, a group, or society at large, this volume explores expertise as a relational concept. In order to be culturally comparative, this volume includes examples and discussions of experts in different countries and even in different time periods. The topics include the roles of political experts, scientific experts, medical experts, and legal experts.

Originally published in 1987, this title is about theory construction in psychology. Where theories come from, as opposed to how they become established, was almost a no-man's land in the history and philosophy of science at the time. The authors argue that in the science of mind, theories are particularly likely to come from tools, and they are especially concerned with the emergence of the metaphor of the mind as an intuitive statistician.

In the first chapter, the authors discuss the rise of the inference revolution, which institutionalized those statistical tools that later...

Originally published in 1987, this title is about theory construction in psychology. Where theories come from, as opposed to how they become established, was almost a no-man s land in the history and philosophy of science at the time. The authors argue that in the science of mind, theories are particularly likely to come from tools, and they are especially concerned with the emergence of the metaphor of the mind as an intuitive statistician.

In the first chapter, the authors discuss the rise of the inference revolution, which institutionalized those statistical tools that later...

Durchblick in einer Welt voller Unstatistiken§Trockenobst ist giftig, Fast Food macht depressiv, Choleragefahr nimmt rasant zu, Polen sind fleißiger als Deutsche: Mit solch dramatischen Meldungen auf höchst fragwürdiger Datenbasis lassen wir uns täglich nur allzu gern aufstören. Der Psychologe Gerd Gigerenzer, der Ökonom Thomas Bauer und der Statistiker Walter Krämer diagnostizieren uns eine Art Analphabetismus im Umgang mit Wahrscheinlichkeiten und Risiken und haben darauf mit der Ernennung der "Unstatistik des Monats" (www.unstatistik.de) reagiert. Anhand haarsträubender Beispiele...

Honoring the life and work of Herbert Simon, this illuminating Companion provides an in-depth survey of one of the most prolific social scientists of our age. Mirroring the breadth of Simon’s studies, chapters analyze his contributions to artificial intelligence, economics, entrepreneurship, management, psychology and other fields. The comprehensive book outlines how Herbert Simon came to be the only person to receive both the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics and the Turing Award in Computer Science. Bounded rationality, satisficing and heuristic search are just a few of his seminal ideas...

How do people make decisions when time is limited, information unreliable, and the future uncertain? Based on the work of Nobel laureate Herbert Simon and with the help of colleagues around the world, the Adaptive Behavior and Cognition (ABC) Group at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin has developed a research program on simple heuristics, also known as fast and frugal heuristics. In the social sciences, heuristics have been believed to be generally inferior to complex methods for inference, or even irrational. Although this may be true in "small worlds" where everything...

Das Verhältnis von Daten und Realität fordert uns heute besonders heraus, und nur allzu schnell fallen wir auf Fake News und Panikmache rein. Jeden Tag überbietet eine Schlagzeile die andere - oft auf Basis falscher Dateninterpretation. Der Psychologe Gerd Gigerenzer, die Datenanalyse-Expertin Katharina Schüller, der Ökonom Thomas Bauer und der Statistiker Walter Krämer diagnostizieren uns seit Jahren in ihrer »Unstatistik des Monats« eine Art Analphabetismus im Umgang mit Zahlen, mit Wahrscheinlichkeiten und Risiken. Anhand neuer spektakulärer Beispiele erklären die vier, wie wir...

In today's complex world, we have come to rely increasingly on those who have expertise in specific areas and can bring their knowledge to bear on crucial social, political and scientific questions. Taking the viewpoint that experts are consulted when there is something important at stake for an individual, a group, or society at large, Experts in Science and Society explores expertise as a relational concept. How do experts balance their commitment to science with that to society? How does a society actually determine that a person has expertise? What personal traits are...