Section I. Introduction 1. The connectional anatomy of the temporal lobe 2. Anatomy of the temporal lobe: From macro to micro Section II. Structure/functions of the T Lobe, as they emerge from studies in healthy participants and brain-damaged populations 3. Music processing and amusia 4. Cortical disorders of speech processing: Pure word deafness and auditory agnosia 5. Neuroplasticity following cochlear implants 6. Components of language processing and their long-term and working memory storage in the brain 7. Cross-modal integration and plasticity in the superior temporal cortex 8. Visual mental imagery: Inside the mind's eyes 9. The functions of the temporal-parietal junction 10. Visual objects and their colors 11. Face processing in the temporal lobe 12. The neural underpinnings of word comprehension and production: The critical roles of the temporal lobes 13. Domain-specific connectivity drives the organization of object knowledge in the temporal lobe 14. The noun-verb distinction 15. The neural correlates of abstract and concrete words 16. Acquired dyslexias following temporal lesions 17. Proper names and personal identity 18. Neural correlates of recognition and naming of famous persons and landmarks: A special role for the left anterior temporal lobe 19. The temporal lobes and memory 20. Working memory and active sampling of the environment: Medial temporal contributions 21. Amygdala function in emotion, cognition, and behavior 22. Amygdala connectivity and implications for social cognition and disorders Section III. Diseases of/in the temporal lobe 23. Neuropathology of the temporal lobe 24. Frontotemporal dementia: A unique window on the functional role of the temporal lobes 25. The temporal lobe in typical and atypical Alzheimer disease 26. Limbic encephalitis 27. Semiology, EEG, and neuroimaging findings in temporal lobe epilepsies 28. Neuropsychology of temporal lobe epilepsies 29. Surgery procedures in temporal lobe epilepsies