Histopathology of the Endometrium

ISBN-13: 9783642728914 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 416 str.

Gisela Dallenbach-Hellweg; Frederick D. Dallenbach

Opis

Reevaluation of tumor classification, differential diagnosis and differential therapy based on modern knowledge. Revision of all chapters to incorporate new facts based on recent discoveries.

Spis treści

A. Methods of Obtaining, Preparing, and Interpreting the Endometrium.- 1. Indications for Curettage.- 2. Selection of the Proper Time for Curettage.- 3. Procedures for Obtaining Endometrial Tissue.- 4. Preparation of the Endometrial Specimen.- a) Fixation.- b) Embedding.- c) Orientation.- d) Staining.- e) Immunocytochemistry with Monoclonal Antibodies.- f) Quantitative and Experimental Methods.- 5. Components of Curettings and Their Diagnostic Value.- 6. Statistical Analysis of the Histological Results.- B. The Normal Histology of the Endometrium.- 1. The Individual Structures.- a) The Glandular Epithelium.- b) The Superficial Epithelium.- c) The Stromal Cells.- d) The Reticulum Fibers.- e) The Ground Substance.- f) The Vessels.- g) The Nerves.- 2. Histochemical Localization of Enzymes; the Reciprocal Action Between Enzymes and Hormones.- 3. Structural Changes Induced in the Endometrium by the Physiological Action of the Ovarian Hormones.- a) Molecular Biology of Steroid Hormones.- b) Endometrial Steroid Receptors.- c) Estrogen.- d) Progesterone.- e) Relaxin.- 4. Changes in Structures in the Endometrium During Nidation.- 5. The Endometrium Before Puberty.- 6. The Normal Menstrual Cycle and Its Possible Variations.- a) The Normal Proliferative Phase.- b) The Normal Secretory Phase.- c) Menstruation.- d) Regeneration.- e) Possible Variations in the Endometrium During the Normal Cycle.- 7. The Endometrium in the Climacterium and After the Menopause.- C. The Histopathology of the Endometrium.- 1. Morphological Effects of Circulatory and Coagulation Disturbances.- a) Edema.- b) Chronic Passive Hyperemia; Hemorrhage Caused by Extragenital Diseases.- 2. Functional Endogenous (Hormonal) Disturbances.- a) Atrophic Endometrium from Non-Functioning Ovaries.- b) Resting Endometrium Resulting from Inadequate Ovarian Function (Ovarian Insufficiency, Hypofolliculinism).- c) The Endometrium Associated with a Persistent Follicle.- ?) The Anovulatory Cycle.- ?) Glandular-Cystic Hyperplasia.- ?) Adenomatous Hyperplasia.- ?) Special Forms of Hyperplasia (Focal Hyperplasia, Polyps, Glandular, and Stromal Hyperplasias).- d) The Deficient Secretory Phase Associated with Deficiency or Premature Regression of the Corpus Luteum.- e) The Endometrium Associated with a Persistent Corpus Luteum.- ?) Irregular Shedding.- ?) Dysmenorrhea Membranacea.- ?) Secretory Hypertrophy.- f) The Endometrium Associated with Infertility.- g) Functional Disturbances During the Climacteric.- h) The Effect of Hormone-Producing Ovarian Tumors on the Endometrium.- i) The Functional Disturbances of the Endocervical Mucosa.- 3. Exogenous (latrogenic) Changes of the Endometrium.- a) After Hormonal Therapy.- ?) Estrogens.- ?) Gestagens.- ?) Both Hormones.- ?) Oral Contraceptive Agents.- ?) Gonadotropins.- ?) Clomiphene.- b) After Intrauterine Contraceptive Device.- c) After Intrauterine Instillation.- d) Regeneration after Curettage.- e) With In Vitro Fertilization.- 4. Endometritis.- a) Acute Endometritis.- b) Chronic Non-Specific Endometritis.- c) Tuberculous Endometritis.- d) Specific Endometritis Caused by Rare Microorganisms.- e) The Foreign Body Granuloma.- f) Endocervicitis.- 5. Metaplasias and Related Changes.- a) Epithelial Metaplasia.- ?) Squamous Metaplasia, Morules, and Ichthyosis.- ?) Mucinous (Endocervical) Metaplasia.- ?) Serous Papillary Metaplasia.- ?) Ciliated Cell Change.- ?) Clear Cell Change.- b) Stromal Metaplasia.- 6. Neoplasms.- a) Benign Tumors.- b) Carcinoma of the Endometrium.- ?) Carcinomas with Endometrial Differentiation.- ?) Carcinomas Which Originate from Pluripotent Müllerian Epithelium.- ?) Histochemical Results.- ?) Precursors of Endometrial Carcinoma.- ?) Etiological Concepts.- ?) Progesterone Treatment of Endometrial Carcinoma.- c) Sarcoma of the Endometrium.- d) Malignant Mixed Mesodermal Tumors.- e) Metastatic Tumors.- f) Primary Carcinomas of the Ecto- and Endocervix as Components of Curettings.- D. The Diagnosis of Normal and Pathologic Pregnancy from Curettings.- 1. The Early Intrauterine Pregnancy and Its Disturbances.- a) Therapeutic Abortion (Induced Abortion).- b) Spontaneous Abortion.- ?) Causes.- ?) Microscopic Changes.- c) Partial Hydatidiform Mole.- d) Complete Hydatidiform Mole, Invasive Mole, and Choriocarcinoma.- e) Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor.- f) Late Endometrial Changes Following Intrauterine Abortion.- 2. The Endometrium Associated with Extrauterine Pregnancy.- 3. The Postpartum Endometrium.- References.