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Alexander II's Great Reforms of the early 1860s unleashed hopes among Russians for a true civil society resulting in increased political freedom. An attempt on the Tsar's life in 1866 put an abrupt end to these hopes, trapping Russian political life within a vicious circle of political reaction, growing disillusionment with government, and intensifying political dissent which increasingly manifested itself in acts of terrorism against Tsarist officials.

Fredric S. Zuckerman traces this political upheaval to the creation of the Department of State Police in 1880. This organization,...