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This book delves into the background of fragmentation and solidity of Indonesia’s Islamic parties. By examining the National Awakening Party (PKB) and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) as a research subject, this book exhibits the critical nature of a party’s internal institutionalization, both in fragmentation and solidity. In addition, this book challenges popular perceptions that individuals or actors are the primaries, if not the only, factors that impede or promote a party’s unity. In short, this book explores and scrutinizes the many aspects and reasons for the division and...

​This book discusses the extent to which Indonesia's trajectory to democracy has changed its direction toward democratic consolidation. In the case of democratic decline in Indonesia, there are numerous studies conducted in order to explain the challenges facing democratization. However, not many of them demonstrate the existing precursors and symptoms of democratic decline, which this book confronts. The authors unpack the problems that continue to hinder Indonesia's path to democratic consolidation and show that against this decline, Indonesia has experienced a new phase of its democratic...