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Wealth in the Ottoman and Post-Ottoman Balkans demonstrates the economic and social transformations wrought by wars, state centralization, European expansion and the gradual Ottoman withdrawal from the Balkans. As a new middle class emerged, and the power of religion faded, Ottoman and post-Ottoman social, economic and cultural norms changed rapidly across the region. This book illustrates not only how markers of wealth accumulation and poverty were socially defined across the region, but also the ways in which inequality was experienced, revealing the relationships between the state,...

In contrast to research on elites or "history from below," this study offers an approach that can be called "mesohistory" - a collective social biography of the Balkan merchants. In foregrounding the voices of traders, this study sheds fresh light on multiethnic networks of social actors navigating multiple social, political, and economic systems - supporting and opposing various aspects of nationalist ideologies. Personal accounts humanize features of these "faceless" socially mediating groups. Merchants' generation-specific perspectives on the economy, society, and state, both in times of...