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This is the first social and cultural study of the principal "free" professions in Italy between unification and the First World War. It is a major contribution both to the history of the bourgeoisie in Italy and to the developing role of professions in modern European society. The first section discusses the formation of modern Italian engineering, notarial occupations, law, and medicine. The second section provides an analysis of the interrelation among the professions, the nobility and Parliament, and examines the social status of members of the professions.

The concept of monstrosity in ancient philosophy and cultureTaking a continental approach to Greek and Latin culture, both pagan and early Christian, Filippo Del Lucchese covers all the major figures in ancient thought, from Hesiod to Augustine, through Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus and Lucretius, the Stoics and the Sceptics, up to the Middle Platonists, the Neoplatonists and the early Fathers.Far from being a peripheral problem, Del Lucchese shows that monstrosity is one of the main conceptual challenges for every philosophical system. He reveals how ancient philosophers explore...