Earthquake Resistant Design and Risk Reduction

ISBN-13: 9780470778159 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 552 str.

David J. Dowrick

Opis

Earthquake Resistant Design and Risk Reduction, 2^nd edition is based upon global research and development work over the last 50 years or more, and follows the author's series of three books Earthquake Resistant Design, 1st and 2^nd editions (1977 and 1987), and Earthquake Risk Reduction (2003). Many advances have been made since the 2003 edition of Earthquake Risk Reduction, and there is every sign that this rate of progress will continue apace in the years to come. Compiled from the author's wide design and research experience in earthquake engineering and engineering seismology, this key text provides an excellent treatment of the complex multidisciplinary process of earthquake resistant design and risk reduction. New topics include the creation of low-damage structures and the spatial distribution of ground shaking near large fault ruptures. Sections on guidance for developing countries, response of buildings to differential settlement in liquefaction, performance-based and displacement-based design and the architectural aspects of earthquake resistant design are heavily revised. This book:

• Outlines individual national weaknesses that contribute to earthquake risk to people and property
• Calculates the seismic response of soils and structures, using the structural continuum "Subsoil - Substructure - Superstructure - Non-structure"
• Evaluates the effectiveness of given design and construction procedures for reducing casualties and financial losses
• Provides guidance on the key issue of choice of structural form
• Presents earthquake resistant design methods for the main four structural materials - steel, concrete, reinforced masonry and timber - as well as for services equipment, plant and non-structural architectural components
• Contains a chapter devoted to problems involved in improving (retrofitting) the existing built environment

This book is an invaluable reference and guiding tool to practising civil and structural engineers and architects, researchers and postgraduate students in earthquake engineering and engineering seismology, local governments and risk management officials.

Spis treści

Preface.

About the Author.

1 Earthquake Risk Reduction.

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Earthquake Risk and Hazard.

1.3 The Social and Economic Consequences of Earthquakes.

1.4 Earthquake Risk Reduction Actions.

References.

2 The Nature of Earthquakes.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Global Seismotectonics.

2.3 The Strength of Earthquakes – Magnitude and Intensity.

References.

3 Determination of Site Characteristics.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Local Geology and Soil Conditions.

3.3 Ground Classes and Microzones.

3.4 Site Investigations and Soil Tests.

References.

4 Seismic Hazard Assessment.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Crustal Strain and Moment Release.

4.3 Regional Seismotectonics.

4.4 Faulting.

4.5 Earthquake Distribution in Space, Size and Time.

4.6 The Nature and Attenuation of Ground Motions.

4.7 Design Earthquakes.

4.8 Faults – Hazard and Design Considerations.

4.9 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment.

4.10 Probabilistic vs. Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment.

References.

5 Seismic Response of Soils and Structures.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Seismic Response of Soils.

5.3 Seismic Response of Soil–Structure Systems.

5.4 Seismic Response of Structures.

References.

6 Earthquake Vulnerability of the Built Environment.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Qualitative Measures of Vulnerability.

6.3 Quantitative Measures of Vulnerability.

References.

7 Earthquake Risk Modelling and Management.

7.1 Earthquake Risk Modelling.

7.2 Material Damage Costs.

7.3 Estimating Casualties.

7.4 Business Interruption.

7.5 Reduction of Business Interruption.

7.6 Management of and Planning for Earthquakes.

7.7 Earthquake Insurance.

7.8 Earthquake Risk Management in Developing Countries.

7.9 Impediments to Earthquake Risk Reduction.

7.10 Further Reading and Software.

References.

8 The Design and Construction Process – Choice of Form and Materials.

8.1 The Design and Construction Process – Performance–Based Seismic Design.

8.2 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design.

8.3 Principles of Reliable Seismic Behaviour – Form, Material and Failure Modes.

8.4 Specific Structural Forms for Earthquake Resistance.

8.5 Passive Control of Structures – Seismic Isolation and Energy–Dissipating Devices.

8.6 Low–Damage Structures – Damage Avoidance Design.

8.7 Construction and the Enforcement of Standards.

8.8 Developing Countries.

References.

9 Seismic Design of Foundations and Soil–Retaining Structures.

9.1 Foundations.

9.2 Soil–Retaining Structures.

References.

10 Design and Detailing of New Structures for Earthquake Ground Shaking.

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Steel Structures.

10.3 Concrete Structures.

10.4 Masonry Structures.

10.5 Timber Structures.

10.6 Design of New Structures in Developing Countries.

References.

11 Earthquake Resistance of Services, Equipment and Plant.

11.1 Seismic Response and Design Criteria.

11.2 Seismic Analysis and Design Procedures for Equipment.

11.3 Seismic Protection of Equipment.

References.

12 Architectural Design and Detailing for Earthquake Resistance.

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Non–structural Infill Panels and Partitions.

12.3 Cladding, Wall Finishes, Windows and Doors.

12.4 Miscellaneous Architectural Details.

References.

13 Retrofitting.

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 To Retrofit or Not?

13.3 Benefit–Cost of Retrofitting.

13.4 Retrofitting Lifelines.

13.5 Retrofitting Structures.

13.6 Retrofitting Equipment and Plant.

13.7 Retrofitting in Developing Countries.

13.8 Performance of Retrofitted Property in Earthquakes.

References.

Appendix A Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (NZ8).

Appendix B Structural Steel Standards for Earthquake Resistant Structures.

Index.

O autorze

David Dowrick graduated as a Civil Engineer from Auckland University in 1958, and was awarded a Doctorate of Engineering in 2003. He has worked both in consulting engineering and in earthquake research, based in London and New Zealand. He now works part–time on earthquake research from his home in Tauranga, where he is also involved in four non–engineering committees.
Major engineering design projects include the Sydney Opera House roof, restoration of York Minster and the Ohaaki power station cooling tower in New Zealand. In addition, he has advised the New Zealand Historic Places Trust on a variety of conservation projects. Dr Dowrick is the author of over 70 publications, including four editions of books on earthquake engineering. He has received five awards, four for earthquake engineering papers plus the Institution of Civil Engineers’ Telford Gold Medal for his paper on York Minster. He has been made a life member of the NZ Society for Earthquake Engineering.