Flashes of Brilliance: The Science and Wonder of Arizona Lightning

ISBN-13: 9783031198786 / Angielski / Miękka / 2023 / 186 str.

Ronald L. Holle; Daile Zhang

Opis

This book is a comprehensive resource on lightning and describes the unique roles which the state of Arizona has with regard to lightning. Not only is it spectacular, it is also admired, feared, and misunderstood, but its knowledge has come of age in the last two decades.

This book describes why Arizona can be called the “Lightning Photography Capital of the U.S.”, how the general public and Native Americans in Arizona have viewed lightning, and when and where lightning occurs and impacts people and resources in Arizona. It contains summaries of interviews with current and former University of Arizona staff who invented real-time lightning detection in the late 1970s and how subsequent lightning research in Arizona has been globally significant. The authors are very well acquainted with and up to date on these topics. The style of this book is active and somewhat scholarly but readable by the nonprofessional with a general interest in lightning.

What is lightning? How does lightning affect Arizona? Why do photographers come to Arizona for lightning photographs? What is unique about Arizona lightning? How is lightning detected in Arizona and around the world? This book tells you answers to these questions.

This book is intended for a broad audience comprised of visitors, interested lay public, a variety of scientific disciplines, media, medicine, lightning safety, and fire weather. It is suitable for readers desiring a general overview of lightning, especially in Arizona, but also for those who want to know specifically about the topic.

Spis treści

Front Matter

1. Foreword

2. Preface

3. List of Abbreviations and Definitions

4. Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

1.1 Myths of Native Americans in Arizona

1.2 Myths of general public

1.3 Arizona sports teams named “Lightning” and “Thunder”

1.4 Lightning terminology (flash, stroke, pulse)

2 Arizona is the lightning photography capital of the U.S.

2.1 Geography, landscape, and meteorological factors

2.2 Examples from Arizona lightning photographers

3 When, where, and how much lightning occurs in Arizona

3.1 Lightning occurrence by area in Arizona

3.1.1 Ten-year maps of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes and strokes for state

3.1.2 Cloud-to-ground frequency by county and city

3.1.3 Comparisons with other states and countries

3.1.4 Maps of total lightning flashes from satellite

3.2 Lightning distribution by time in Arizona

3.2.1 Seasonal, especially the monsoon season

3.2.2 Diurnal, mainly during monsoon season

3.2.2 Special regions of interest: Grand Canyon, Mogollon Rim, southeast mountains

4 Human impacts, damages, and benefits from lightning in Arizona

4.2 Death and injury rates, comparisons with other states and countries

4.3 Examples of casualty scenarios such as hiking; safety rules

4.4 Forest fires, power outages and other economic losses from lightning in Arizona

4.5 The positive roles of lightning in NOx generation and the Global Electric Circuit

5 How lightning detection networks were developed in Arizona

6.1 Brief history of the invention of real-time lightning detection at the University of Arizona that became the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN)

6.2 Interviews with Krider, Uman, Orville, Noggle, and Cummins based at the University of Arizona, and had essential roles in developing networks

6.3 Global spread of lightning detection networks over last 35 years

6.4 This technology has become the basis for global lightning detection technology and extremely wide applications

6 Studies of lightning in Arizona

6.1 Studies by Salanave, Weidman, Krider, Uman, and Orville prior to NLDN

6.2 Grand Canyon projects

6.3 Satellite studies at University of Arizona

6.4 University of Arizona lightning studies with Vaisala, National Weather Service, NASA, NOAA, Brazil, and others

Index

O autorze

Ronald L. Holle is a meteorological consultant in Oro Valley, Arizona. He has worked extensively in meteorological education issues, particularly lightning safety and the demographics of lightning victims. He has authored or co-authored 80 formally reviewed journal papers, 19 books and book chapters, and 344 informal papers. He worked for NOAA research laboratories in Norman, Oklahoma; Boulder, Colorado; Coral Gables, Florida; and Silver Spring, Maryland, and is currently a consultant to Vaisala in Tucson. He has analyzed cloud-to-ground and in-cloud lightning data from ground-based detection networks as they relate to radar echoes, rainfall, flash floods, and winter weather, as well as compiling lightning climatologies. He participated in meteorological field programs in the USA, Caribbean, and West Africa. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in meteorology from Florida State University and took additional coursework at the University of Miami. Since 2002, Mr. Holle has been on scientific organizing committees for the International Lightning Detection Conferences and International Lightning Meteorology Conferences in Tucson, Helsinki, Orlando, Broomfield, San Diego, and Fort Lauderdale. He is a member of the Board of Directors and Executive Committee of the African Centres for Lightning & Electromagnetics Network. He was awarded the STAC Outstanding Service Award of the American Meteorological Society in 2019, elected a fellow of the American Meteorological Society in 2009, and received the Dr. T. Theodore Fujita Research Achievement Award from the National Weather Association in 2008.

Daile Zhang is a postdoctoral associate at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC)/ Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland. Daile received her PhD degree in Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Arizona. In the summer of 2015, she worked as a Giant Leap intern at Vaisala Inc. in Colorado. Her current research focuses on evaluating and assessing lightning data from different lightning locating systems, including ground-based and satellite-based networks. She has been awarded several NOAA grants as the Principal Investigator including the 2020 ROSES call. Daile has taught and given guest lectures for more than 600 undergraduate and 30 graduate students for five different levels of courses. She constructed the online modules for a summer undergraduate course – Weather, Climate and Society at the University of Arizona. In addition, she has advised several undergraduate and high school students for their graduation and semester research projects. Daile serves on the Board of Directors of the African Centres for Lightning and Electromagnetics Network (ACLENet) and is a member of the U.S. National Lightning Safety Council. She also serves on the World Meteorological Organization’s Committee on Weather and Climate Extremes and helped certify two new megaflash lightning records in 2022.