Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery

ISBN-13: 9781627038652 / Angielski / Miękka / 2014 / 467 str.

Joyce Tombran-Tink; Colin J. Barnstable

Opis

Detection and responses to light are common features found throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. In most primitive life forms, a patch of light-sensitive cells make up a region containing a cell sheet devoid of any specialized anatomical structure. With the development of the eyes in more advanced life forms, light-sensing structures became more complex but primitive eyes are still in contiguity with other body tissues and fluids. The evolution of the eyeball promoted an increase in visual acuity and visual processing that, in turn, allowed vision to become the dominant sensory system for many species, including humans. The formation of a totally enclosed structure, however, required a unique set of solutions to enable the eye to control its environment. Like most organs, the eye evolved a series of homeostatic mechanisms to regulate its environment within tightly controlled limits. Unlike most organs, however, this advanced light-sensing structure has a series of requirements that place a tremendous burden on molecules that are responsible for controlling ocular homeostasis. There are many sig naling molecules and pathways that work in parallel or through crosstalk to maintain the normal ocular environment required for visual function. Perhaps none are so critical as the group of membrane molecules that are collectively termed transporters. These molecules are responsible for the controlled and selective movements of ions, nutrients, and fluid across various ocular layers necessary to optimize the internal milieu to p- serve visual function.

Recenzje

From the reviews: "The ophthalmic structures and tissues present a series of mechanisms necessary to homeostasis maintenance, in order to enable and support the vision function. ... this book is indicated for physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacotechnicians, and investigators who wish to understand and study the complex processes of transportation and homeostasis of ocular globe, as well as to develop and formulate eye drops or apply therapies in the ophthalmology area." (Vladi Olga Consiglieri, Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009)

Spis treści

Transport in the Anterior Segment 1. Aquaporins and water transport in the cornea Verkman AS 2. Roles of Corneal Epithelial Ion Transport mechanisms in mediating responses to cytokines and osmotic stress Reinach PS, Capo-Aponte JE, Mergler S, and Pokornny KS 3. Vitamin C Transport, Delivery, and Function in the Anterior Segment of the Eye Kannan R, Gukasyan HJ Transporters of the Ciliary Epithelium 4. Mechanisms of Aqueous Humor Formation: Cellular Model of aqueous inflow Do CW, Kong CW, Chan CY, Civan MM, To CH Lens Transporters 5. Membrane Transporters: New Roles in Lens Cataract Donaldson PJ and Lim J 6. Lens Na+ K-ATPase Delamere NA and Tamiya S Transport Across the Blood Retina Barrier 7. Pathophysiology of Perictye-Containing Retinal Microvessels: Roles of Ion Channels and Transporters Puro DG 8. Molecular mechanisms of the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Transporters Tomi M and Hosoya K Transport Across the Retinal Pigment Epithelium 9. Regulation of Transport in the RPE Dibas A and Yorio T 10. Glucose Transporters in RPE Development Rizzolo LJ 11. Ca2+ Channels in the RPE: Modulators of RPE Function and Communication with Neighboring Tissues Strauss O 12. Taurine Transport Pathways in the Outer Retina in Relation to Ageing and Disease Hussain AA and Marshall J 13. P-glycoprotein expression and Function in the Retinal pigment epithelium Constable PA, Lawrenson JG and Abbott NJ Transporters in the Retina 14. The Retinal Rod NCKX1 and Cone/Ganglion Cell NCKX2 Na+/Ca2+-K+ Exchangers Schnetkamp PM, Sibukawa Y, Altimimi HF, Kinjo TG, Pratikhya P,Kang KJ, and Szerencsei RT 15. Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters in the Retina Sarthy VP and Pow D 16. Localization and Function of GABA Transporter 1 in the retina Casini G Genetic Variants of Ocular Transporters: Implication in Drug Metabolism and Eye Diseases 17. Biochemical Defects Associated with Genetic Mutations in the Retina Specific ABC Transporter, ABCR, and Macular Degenerative Diseases Biswas-Fiss EE 18. Glutamate Transporters: Retinal Disease and Regulation Barnett NL and Bull ND 19. Glutamate Transport in Retinal Glial Cells During Diabetes Fletcher EL and Ward MM Ocular Drug Delivery 20. The Emerging Significance of Drug Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes to Ophthalmic Drug Design Attar M and Shen J 21. Barriers in Ocular Drug Delivery Mitra AK and Gunda S 22. Ophthalmic applications of nanotechnology Raghava S, Goel G, Kompella UB 23. Vitamin C Transporters in the Retina Ganapathy V, Ananth S, Smith SB, Martin PM 24. The Plasma Membrane Transporters and Channels of Corneal Endothelium Fischbarg J

O autorze

Colin J. Barnstable, D.Phil., is Professor and Chair, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences
Director, Penn State Hershey Neuroscience Research Institute and Co-Director, Penn State Neuroscience Institute

Joyce Tombran-Tink, PhD, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State Hershey Neuroscience Research Institute and Co-Director, Penn State Neuroscience Institute

Blurb

This exceptionally important new work represents recent discoveries and advancements in the study of ocular transporters and their roles in ocular physiology, pathology, and drug delivery. Transporters are found on the membranes of cells and play a key role in transmitting signals between cells. In Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery, a panel of distinguished authors discusses all the latest developments in the study of ocular transporters. Focusing on the molecular characteristics, localization, and substrate specificities in various compartments of the eye, this volume discusses how transporters regulate the clarity of the cornea and lens, the movements of fluids across the ciliary epithelium, and the transport of nutrients across the retinal pigment epithelium. It also provides an in-depth look at how mutations or dysfunction of specific transporters can contribute to various disorders in the eye, including blindness, and provides readers with potential targets and strategies to allow safe passage of therapeutic drugs into the eye. Ocular Transporters in Ophthalmic Diseases and Drug Delivery is the first text book in this field and offers up-to-date information to clinicians, research scientists in academia, and the pharmaceutical industry. This work has clinical implications for drug development and therapeutic drug delivery, making it an invaluable resource for readers.