A History of Health Policy and Health Disparity Disparities in Health Care Delivery Systems Social Disparities in Lung Cancer Risk and Screening Social Disparities in Lung Cancer Social Disparities in Benign Lung Diseases Disparities in Lung Transplantation Racial Disparities in Esophageal Cancer Challenges in the Methodology for Health Disparities Research in Thoracic Surgery Health Disparities in Recruitment and Enrollment in Research Social Disparities in Thoracic Surgery Database Research: Implications and Impact Social Disparities in Thoracic Surgery Education Social Disparities in the Thoracic Surgery Workforce