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Chapter 1 1 Introduction Among the recent positive developments in European Union law with regard to the legal situation of lesbian, gay and bisexual persons, the clear prohibition of discrimination in employment and occupation contained in the Employment Equality Directive is the most important. Certainly, since 1999 article 13 of the EC Treaty, which forms the legal basis for this Directive, already mentions sexual orientation among the protected grounds, but this Treaty provision only enables the Council of the EC to adopt appropriate action against discrimination. This is precisely what...

The articles in this book share a dedication to broadening and stretching the scholarly field of feminist citizenship studies and invite the reader to reflect on the many different ways citizenship is formed in contemporary Europe. They do so by stretching the concept of citizenship itself, going beyond legalistic definitions, and by asking new questions about the ways in which citizenship is constructed, the entitlements to benefits, and to social and political participation, how cultures of knowledge allow participation and how inclusion and exclusion can be represented. In all cases...

This bi-lingual flip-over book, written in English and German, describes the results of case studies about the history of social work in Eastern Europe between 1900 and 1960 in the countries of Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Slovenia. Topics include governmental social policy, institutions of civil society, social movements, charity activities of churches and communities, mutual aid in family and neighborhood networks, professional development and training, and international influences.