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In light of scientific advances such as genomics, predictive diagnostics, genetically engineered agriculture, nuclear transfer cloning, and the manipulation of stem cells, the idea that genes carry predetermined molecular programs or blueprints is pervasive. Yet new scientific discoveries--such as rna transcripts of single genes that can lead to the production of different compounds from the same pieces of dna--challenge the concept of the gene alone as the dominant factor in biological development. Increasingly aware of the tension between certain empirical results and interpretations of...

Massively parallel systems, with their scalable computation and storage space promises, are becoming increasingly important for high-performance computing. Growing acceptance of MPSs in academia is clearly visible now. However, in industrial companies, their usage is still low. The programming of MPSs is still the big obstacle, and solving this software problem is sometimes referred to as one of the most challenging tasks of the 1990s. These papers from the 1994 conference on programming environments for massively parallel systems address the spectrum of software problems, including virtual...