1. Introduction 2. Representative Examples of Mineral System Models 3. Summary Mineral Systems Models for Relevant Systems 4. The Critical Role of Subduction 5. Mineral Systems, Tectonics, and the Supercontinent Cycle 6. The Anomalous Boring Billion 7. Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event 8. Cambrian Explosion of Life 9. The Role of Craton and Thick Lithosphere Margins 10. Implications for Global Exploration 11. References