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The articles on different subjects of the broader theme -lifelong learning- represent the latest results of the discussions of the -Vocational Education and Culture Research Network-. The contributions, written by authors from six European countries, mention nearly the whole spectrum of issues and arguments distinguishing the current debate on lifelong learning. The publication includes therefore questions of biographies as well as system-oriented approaches, it refers to international comparisons as well as to country studies, to self-organised and -directed learning as well as to the role...

This handbook presents the basic aspects of actuarial loss reserving. Besides the traditional methods, it also includes a description of more recent ones and a discussion of certain problems occurring in actuarial practice, like inflation, scarce data, large claims, slow loss development, the use of market statistics, the need for simulation techniques and the task of calculating best estimates and ranges of future losses.

In property and casualty insurance the provisions for payment obligations from losses that have occurred but have not yet been settled usually constitute the...