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This volume of al-Tabari's History covers nearly a quarter of a century, and after covering the very brief caliphate of al-Hadi, concentrates on that of Harun al-Rashid. During these years, the caliphate was in a state of balance with its external foes; the great enemy, Christian Byzantium, was regarded with respect by the Muslims, and the two great powers of the Near East treated each other essentially as equals, while the Caucasian and Central Asian frontiers were held against pressure from the Turkish peoples of Inner Eurasia. The main stresses were internal, including Shi'ite risings on...

This research is the result of1- . Feeding investigations of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fingerlings with emphasis on dominant phytoplanktons2- Determining the effects of microalgae Diatoma and Chlorella on growth parameters and survival rate of silver carp juvenile (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)3- Identification, purification and preparation of microalgae collectiBased on carried out studies on the first and the end party of their intestine and the pond water, phytophague fingerlings feeds on phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. But the essential nutrition was on...

Global Strategic Management in the Service Industry: A Perspective of the New Era covers recent changes within the service industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic and new and emerging consumer trends, providing a holistic view of this new era within the service industry. Across a range of thematic chapters, issues in digital marketing, online retailing and experiential marketing are examined, as well as the challenges faced by small and large businesses in the service sector. Tabari and Chen provide a fresh view of changes in the strategic management and marketing strategies within the service...

This volume covers the history of the Muslim community and the biography of Muhammad in the middle Medinan years. It begins with the unsuccessful last Meccan attack on Medina, known as the battle of the Trench.

Events following this battle show the gradual collapse of Meccan resistance to Islam. The next year, when Muhammad set out on pilgrimage to Mecca, the Meccans at first blocked the road, but eventually a ten-year truce was negotiated at al-Hudaybiyah, with Muhammad agreeing to postpone his pilgrimage until the following year. The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyah was followed by a series of...

The events described in this volume took place during al-Tabari's own time. Al-Tabari was thus writing "contemporary history," and his narrative, often based on first-hand reports, is drawn in vivid and arresting detail. The volume portrays the summit of "the Samarra period," following al-Mu'tasim's transfer of the 'Abbasid capital upstream from Baghdad to Samarra.

Three caliphs are portrayed in this volume: al-Mu'tasim's son and successor, al-Wathiq; al-Wathiq's brother al-Mutawakkil; and al-Mutawakkil's son al-Muntasir. At this time the 'Abbasid caliphs came under the dominant influence...