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Escherichia coli is normal inhabitant of all the animals and human beings. Its non-sorbitol fermenting biotype (SNF) was detectable in buffalo (90 percent), cattle (80 percent) or rarely in sheep (20 percent) and goat (30 percent). However, SNF E. coli were un-detectable in droppings of rural chickens and feces of donkeys. The SNF E. coli was detected in 100, 92, 71 and 80 percent of the market milk samples and 100, 83, 83 and 53 percent beef samples from Multan, Sandha, Wagha and Sheikhupura Roads, of Lahore city, respectively. However, SNF E. coli was not detected from freshly aseptically...

The book is one of the maiden exertions expounding the nature and dynamics of administrative governance in Pakistan, ruminating over ascend and descend during various regimes. It transpires the politico-economic aspirations, practices and norms of 'Steel Frame of Administration' of the British Raj, spiralling through the inception and secession of Pakistan, purges, screening and reforms. Embroiling in politics, bureaucracy contravened the golden guidelines of Quaid-i-Azam. Bureau-politic bonhomie steered toward arbitrary decision-making, corruption scandals, kick-back culture, rent-seeking...