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This open access book is a coherent and accessible source of knowledge on flexibility services for energy. Local flexibility services are a commercial mechanism which allows participants to be renumerated for delivering a change in their usual power use, in real time or in response to prior request from the Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to help manage network congestion. Summarising key outputs from the Energy Networks Association’s (ENA) Open Networks Programme, the book traces the evolution of local flexibility markets from 'Proof of Concept' to 'Business as...

This book describes the valuation of services of ecosystems (forests, agriculture and aquatic) for Karnataka State, India, as per the validated statistical framework for natural capital accounting – SEEA: System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA.un.org). According to SEEA protocol, ecosystem services are defined as the contributions of ecosystems to the benefits that are used in economic and other human activities. The valuation of ecosystem services (VES) provides an unbiased framework to value unaccounted ecosystem benefits and helps in developing meaningful policy...