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Embedded systems encompass a variety of hardware and software components which perform specific functions in host systems, for example, satellites, washing machines, hand-held telephones and automobiles. Embedded systems have become increasingly digital with a non-digital periphery (analog power) and therefore, both hardware and software codesign are relevant. The vast majority of computers manufactured are used in such systems. They are called embedded' to distinguish them from standard mainframes, workstations, and PCs. Athough the design of embedded systems has been used in industrial...

Are there connections between the structures of political systems and types of scientific advice to policy making? This volume brings together case studies - from the US, the Netherlands, France, and the European Union - that provide an overview of different institutional arrangements, focusing on issues such as the independence and balance of advice. Common to all is the question: Which forms of advice can increase the rationality of policy making without loss of political legitimacy? Contents include: Advisory Committees in the United States . The Scientific Council for Government Policy ....