Integrated Pest Management

ISBN-13: 9781461572718 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 200 str.

J. Apple

Opis

The past decade is probably unparalleled as a period of dynamic changes in the crop protection sciences-entomology, plant pathology, and weed science. These changes have been stimulated by the broad-based concern for a quality environment, by the hazard of intensified pest damage to our food and fiber production systems, by the inadequacies and spiraling costs of conventional crop protection programs, by the toxicological hazards of unwise pesticide usage, and by the negative interactions of independent and often narrowly based crop protection practices. During this period, the return to ecological approaches in crop protection was widely accepted, first within entomology and ultimately within the other crop protection and related disciplines. Integrated pest management is fast becoming accepted as the rubric describing a crop pro tection system that integrates methodologies across all crop protection dis ciplines in a fashion that is compatible with the crop production system. Much has been written and spoken about "integrated control" and "pest management," but to date no treatise has been devoted to the concept of "in tegrated pest management" in the broadened context as described above. Most of the manuscripts in this volume were developed from papers presented in a symposium at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Ad vancement of Science held in San Francisco in February, 1974. In arranging that symposium, the editors involved plant pathologists, entomologists, and weed scientists."

Spis treści

I The Origins of Integrated Pest Management Concepts for Agricultural Crops.- Evolution of Pest Control Practices.- Early Advocates of an Ecological Approach to Pest Control.- Early Pest Management for the Cotton Boll Weevil.- Shift to Dependence on Chemicals and to a Lesser Extent on Resistant Varieties.- Initial Impact of Organic Pesticides.- Return to Ecological Approaches in Pest Control.- The Modern Integrated Pest Management Approach.- Literature Cited.- II Integrating Economics and Pest Management.- Farm Strategy.- Regional Strategies.- Conclusions.- Literature Cited.- III Implementing Pest Management Programs: An International Perspective.- Situation and Outlook.- Needs for Development of Effective Pest Management.- The Situation at the National Level.- The Situation at the International Level.- Some Future Challenges.- IV Pest Management: Principles and Philosophy.- Traditional Crop Protection Procedures.- Pest Management.- Tactics in Pest Management.- Strategies in Pest Management.- Implementation of Pest Management.- Limitations of Pest Management.- Summary and Conclusion.- Literature Cited.- V Pest Management in Ecological Perspective.- Pest Problems: Their Nature and Causes.- Pest Problems: Their Possible Solutions.- Literature Cited.- VI The Agroecosystem: A Simplified Plant Community.- The Quality of Management.- The Simplified Plant Community.- The Diversification Principle.- Inadequate Supply of Biological Nitrogen.- Root Health: Prerequisite to Plant Productivity.- Literature Cited.- VII Tobacco Pest Management.- Disease and Insect Control Subsystems.- Some Basic Considerations.- Action Programs in Tobacco Pest Management.- Management of Insect Pests.- Management for Control of Flue-Cured Tobacco Diseases.- Integration of Insect and Disease Management.- Seeking a Practical Level of Sophistication.- Literature Cited.- VIII Systems Approach to Cotton Insect Pest Management.- Systems Approach to Increased Cotton Efficiency.- The Argument for the Systems Approach.- The Cotton Ecosystem.- Modeling the Cotton Ecosystem.- Cotton Plant-Insect Pest Interactions.- Cotton Crop Growth Models.- Dispersal and Pheromone Drift Models.- Uses of Models and Systems Analysis in Decision Making.- Conclusions.- Literature Cited.- IX Pest Management on Deciduous Fruits: Multidisciplinary Aspects.- Pest Management in Humid Areas.- Nonchemical Pest Control Methods.- More Efficient Use of Pesticides.- New Pesticide Uses.- Strategies for Pest Management in New York on Apples.- Pest Management in Semiarid Areas.- Literature Cited.- X Integrated Forest Pest Management: A Silvicultural Necessity.- The Forest as a Dynamic Ecosystem.- The Forest as a Renewable Resource for Humans.- Forest Pest Management Systems.- Basic Components.- Steps in the Development of an Adequate Pest Management System.- Current Practices and Future Needs.- The Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Forest.- The Southern Pine Forest.- The Northeastern Hardwood Forest.- Summary and Recommendations.- Literature Cited.- XI Progress, Problems, and Prospects for Integrated Pest Management.- Implementation Status of Integrated Pest Management in the United States.- A Multi-Institutional IPM Research Project Entitled “The Principles, Strategies, and Tactics of Pest Population Regulation and Control in Major Crop Ecosystems”.- Pilot Pest Management Research Program of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS)-USDA.- Pilot Pest Management Implementation Projects (Extension).- IPM Programs Through the State Agricultural Experiment Stations.- Pest Management Curricula in the Land-Grant Universities.- Implementation Status of Integrated Pest Management Programs Outside the United States.- Programs of the International Organization for Biological Control in Western Europe.- Program of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.- The Pest Management and Related Environmental Protection Project—University of California.- Problems and Prospects for Developing Integrated Pest Management Programs.- Literature Cited.