Fortschritte Der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products

ISBN-13: 9783709188484 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 402 str.

R. a. Hill; H. C. Krebs; R. Verpoorte

Opis

Isocoumarins have been isolated from a wide variety of microbial, plant and insect sources and have been shown to possess an impressive array of biological activities. Since the review by BARRY in 1963 (24), the number of known naturally occurring isocoumarins has increased dramatically. This increase is largely due to improvements in isolation procedures and structural analysis. Previous reviews have concentrated on fungal isocoumarins (293,294) and mycotoxic isocoumarins (301). This review lists over 160 naturally occurring isocoumarins. Leading references on isolation, structure elucidation, biosynthesis and synthesis are given in the accompanying Tables. The known natural isocoumarins are listed in the Tables according to the number and orientation of oxygen atoms on the benzenoid ring and by carbon substituents. For completeness, those isocoumarins bearing additional fused carbocyclic rings and those containing nitro gen substituents are included in separate Tables. It is hoped that by using these Tables in conjunction with the Formula Index, the Trivial Name Index and the Source Index the reader will be able to locate key references in the literature and gain an understanding of the fascin ating chemistry and action of naturally occurring isocoumarins."

Spis treści

Naturally Occurring Isocoumarins.- I. Introduction.- II. Nomenclature and Structural Types.- III. Structure Determination.- IV. Synthesis.- V. Biosynthesis.- VI. Biological Activity.- VII. Introduction to the Tables.- Table 1. Isocoumarins with no 8-Oxygenation.- Table 2. Isocoumarins with 8-Oxygenation.- (a) With no Carbon Substituent at C-3.- (b) With a One-Carbon Substituent at C-3.- (c) With a Substituent at C-3 Containing More than One Carbon..- Table 3. Isocoumarins with 6,8-Dioxygenation.- (a) With no Carbon Substituent at C-3.- (b) With a One-Carbon Substituent at C-3.- (c) With a Substituent at C-3 Containing More than One Carbon. 32.- Table 4. Isocoumarins with 6,7,8-Trioxygenation.- (a) With a One-Carbon Substituent at C-3.- (b) With a Substituent at C-3 Containing More than One Carbon. 39.- Table 5. Isocoumarins with Fused Carbocyclic Rings.- (a) 3,4-Fused.- (b) 4,5-Fused.- (c) 6,7-Fused.- Table 6. Isocoumarins with Nitrogen-Containing Substituents.- Formula Index.- Trivial Name Index.- Source Index.- References.- Anthraquinones in the Rubiaceae.- I. Introduction.- II. Biological Activity.- III. Biosynthesis.- IV. Spectroscopy.- 1. UV Spectroscopy.- 2. IR Spectroscopy.- 3. Mass Spectrometry.- 4. 1H-NMR Spectroscopy.- 5. 13C-NMR Spectroscopy.- V. Artifacts.- VI. Separation Methods.- VII. Physical and Spectroscopic Properties of Anthraquinones (Table 7).- VIII. Rubiaceae Species Containing Anthraquinones (Table 8).- References.- Recent Developments in the Field of Marine Natural Products with Emphasis on Biologically Active Compounds.- I. Introduction.- II. Porifera.- 11.1. Steroids from Porifera.- 11.2. Terpenoid Constituents from Porifera.- 11.3. Amino Acid Derived Metabolites from Porifera.- 11.4. Peptide Alkaloids, Peptides, and Proteins from Porifera.- 11.5. Nucleosides from Porifera.- 11.6. Alkaloids and Other Heterocyclic Compounds from Porifera.- 11.7. Macrolides from Porifera.- 11.8. Phenols and Aromatic Ethers from Porifera.- 11.9. Carboxylic Acids from Porifera.- 11.10. Miscellaneous Other Compounds from Porifera.- III. Coelenterata (Cnidaria).- 111.1. Hydrozoa, Cubozoa, and Scyphozoa.- 111.2. Hexacorallia: Sea Anemones.- 111.3. Hexacorallia: Other Organisms.- 111.4. Octocorallia.- 111.4.1. Steroids from Octocorallia.- 111.4.2. Terpenes from Octocorallia.- 111.4.3. Miscellaneous Compounds from Octocorallia.- IV. Bryozoa.- V. Mollusca.- V.1. Gastropoda.- V.1.1. Nudibranchia.- V.1.1.1. Steroids from Nudibranchia.- V.1.1.2. Terpenes from Nudibranchia.- V.1.1.3. Miscellaneous Compounds from Nudibranchia.- V.1.2. Aplysiidae.- V.1.2.1. Terpenes from Aplysiidae.- V.1.2.2. Miscellaneous Compounds from Aplysiidae.- V.1.3. Conidae.- V.1.4. Miscellaneous Compounds from Other Marine Snails.- V.2. Bivalvia.- V.3. Cephalopoda.- VI. Echinodermata.- VI.1. Saponins from Starfish.- VI.2. Steroids from Starfish.- VI.3. Miscellaneous Compounds from Starfish.- VI.4. Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.- VI.5. Steroids from Sea Cucumbers.- VI.6. Crinoids and Ophiuroids.- VI.7. Sea Urchins.- VII. Tunicata.- VIII. Miscellaneous Other Sources.- References.- Author Index.