About the authors NORMAN ASHFORD is Professor of Transportation Planning at the Loughborough University of Technology in England. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Dr. Ashford lived in North America for 15 years, during which he served as a civil engineering consultant in Canada, did postgraduate work at Georgia Institute of Technology, and began his teaching career at Florida State University. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers and of the Chartered Institute of Transport as well as a member of the American Society