BARBARA UPTON was the director of the Center for Strategic and International Studies' project on the United States and the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs). She directed the U.S. Agency for International Development's liaison with the MDBs, UN aid agencies, and other official aid donors for a number of years, and prior to that served as a finance officer for Latin America and the Caribbean. While a U.S. government official she participated in U.S. negotiating teams for all MDB funding negotiations from 1981 until 1995. Currently she is engaged in private sector business activities.