NIGEL TOWNSON is Senior Lecturer in the History of Political Thought and Social and Political Movements at the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Author of "The Crisis of Democracy in Spain: Centrist Politics under the Second Republic, 1931-1936," he is also editor of a general history of Spanish republicanism: "El republicanismo en Espana, 1830-1977"; three volumes of the work of the Spanish writer and Civil War exile Arturo Barea; and a counterfactural history of modern Spain: "Historia virtual de Espana, 1870-2004,"