DEBORAH STOWELL has extensive experience in climate change policy analysis. She is associated with ECON analysis in Oslo, Norway, where she has served as senior policy advisor since 1999. Her main area of work is on the design and use of the Kyoto mechanisms (international emissions trading, joint implementation and the clean development mechanism) and analysis of international and domestic climate change policies. Ms Stowell was an advisor to the Norwegian delegation to the UN climate change negotiations from 1999 to 2001. She served as a Special Assistant in the US Department of Energy from