Els Sol is Associate Professor at the Hugo Sinzheimer Institute of the University of Amsterdam. She is a sociologist and geographer. And wrote her PhD thesis on labour market policy in the Netherlands and the role of government and social partners (2000). Her areas of expertise include comparative labour market policy reform, governance and implementation research of labour market and welfare state institutions. Since the 1990s she participates in international networks, such as the Transitional Labour Markets network (TLM.net), and has carried out research for the OECD.