Schofield graduated with BS and MD degrees from Baylor University. For 23 years he served as an anatomist and as academic dean at Baylor. For the next 20 years, he was based at the Association of American Medical Colleges in Washington, DC, as an executive for the medical school accrediting authority for the U.S. and Canada. He retired returning to Texas, and for 8 more years taught the History of Medicine at Baylor University.