Michael Schlander is founder and chairman of the independent Institute for Innovation & Valuation in Health Care (InnoValHC), a non-profit, non-partisan scientific organization dedicated to research related to the utilization, effectiveness, efficiency, and quality of health care, with particular emphasis on novel approaches of service provision. He teaches health economics and innovation management at the University of Duisburg-Essen (Faculty of Medicine, since 2005) and at the University of Applied Economic Sciences Ludwigshafen, Germany (since 2002). Prior to his university appointment, he