Carter Revard, Osage on his father's side, grew up on the Osage Reservation in Oklahoma. After work as farm hand and greyhound trainer, he took B.A.s from the University of Tulsa and Oxford (Rhodes Scholarship, Oklahoma and Merton 1952), was given his Osage name and a Yale Ph.D., then taught medieval and American Indian literatures before retiring in 1997. He has published Ponca War Dancers; Cowboys and Indians, Christmas Shopping; An Eagle Nation; Family Matters, Tribal Affairs; and Winning the Dust Bowl.