Charles Pattie is Professor of Geography at the University of Sheffield. His publications include From Votes to Seats: The Operation of the UK Electoral System since 1945 (with R. J. Johnston, D. F. L. Dorling and D. J. Rossiter, 2001) and Scotland Decides: The Devolution Issue and the Scottish Referendum (with James Mitchell, David Denver and Hugh Bochel, 2000).