Jerald G. Bachman, Patrick M. O'Malley, John E. Schulenberg, and Lloyd D. Johnston are research professors at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research and are the lead investigators on the Monitoring the Future project. Schulenberg is also a professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. Peter Freedman-Doan is a research associate at the Institute. Emily E. Messersmith is a candidate in the combined doctoral program in education and psychology at the University of Michigan, and a research assistant at the Institute. Bachman, Johnston, and O'Malley, all social psycholo...