MARTIN J. MANNING is a research librarian in the in the Bureau of Public Diplomacy, the U.S. Department of State, which was formerly the United States Information Agency (USIA). There, among other duties, he maintains the Bureau's Public Diplomacy Historical Collection, which was created at the suggestion of the USIA director from 1961-1964, Edward R. Murrow, to answer questions on the history of USIA, its successors, and its functions. This book is an outgrowth of the knowledge the authors acquired from a combined total of over 70 years of research at USIA and in the U.S. Congress.