Sar A. Levitan (1914--1994) was research professor and director of the George Washington University Center for Social Policy Studies. He published sixteen books with Johns Hopkins, including Working but Poor (with Isaac Shapiro). Garth L. Mangum is Professor of Economics Emeritus at the University of Utah.Stephen L. Mangum is senior associate dean for academic programs in the Max M. Fisher College of Business at Ohio State University, Columbus. Andrew M. Sum is a professor of economics and director of the Center for Labor and Market Studies at Northeastern University in Boston.