The author is a member of an indigenous group known as the Igorot. The Igorots occupy the mountain ranges of northern Luzon, Philippines. For the more than three hundred years of Spanish occupation of the Philippines, the Igorots were able to defy the Spanish Empire's attempts to turn them into Christian converts and tribute-paying subjects to the King of Spain. This event allowed the continuation of Igorot indigenous beliefs and ways of life but which earned them the notoriety of being primitive pagan enemies of God and the State. Notwithstanding the Americans' subsequent success in "taming"