Venceslav F. Kroupa has been affiliated with the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Academy of Sciences in the Czech Republic since 1955. He has previously written four books and has published over 100 papers on the subjects of standard time and frequency; frequency stability and noise; frequency synthesis; and precise frequency measurement. Dr. Kroupa holds 15 patents and has received awards from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in 1969 and 1974. He is a member of IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society.