Valerie Jenness is chair of the Department of Criminology, Law and Society and a professor in the Department of Criminology, Law and Society and the Department of Sociology at the University of California, Irvine. She is the author of "Making Hate a Crime: From Social Movement to Law Enforcement Practice "(with Ryken Grattet, 2001) and "Making it Work: The Prostitutes' Rights Movement in Perspective "(1993).