David I. Cleland, Ph.D., is Professor Emertius in the School of Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the author or editor of 31 books in the fields of Project Management and Engineering Management. Dr. Cleland lectures and consults around the world on project management and organizational strategy. Lewis R. Ireland is a Fellow on the Project Management Institute (PMI) and served as its president and chair in 1998. He is the President of Lew Ireland & Associates, a project management consulting company located in Monument Colorado, that serves clients around the world. He is the a...