Judith M. Hughes is a Professor of History and an Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. She is also on the faculty of the San Diego Psychoanalytic Institute and has a small psychoanalytic practice. She is the author of seven previous books, including To the Maginot Line: The Politics of French Military Preparation in the 1920s; From Freud's Consulting Room: The Unconscious in a Scientific Age; From Obstacle to Ally: The Evolution of Psychoanalytic Practice; and Guilt and its Vicissitudes: Psychoanalytic Reflections on Morality.