The authors were both awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. David H. Hubel is John Franklin Enders University Professor of Neurobiology, Emeritus, at Harvard Medical School. Torsten N. Wiesel is Director of the Shelby White and Leon Levy Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior and President Emeritus of Rockefeller University. He is also Secretary General of the Human Frontier Science Program and President of the International Brain Research Organization.