Michael J. Hogan is Distinguished Professor of History at the University of Illinois, Springfield. Hogan is the author of A Cross of Iron: Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945 1954 (2000); Informal Entente: The Private Structure of Cooperation in Anglo-American Economic Diplomacy, 1918 1928 (1977); and The Marshall Plan: America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947 1952 (1987). He is co-editor of Explaining American Foreign Relations History, 2nd edition (with Thomas G. Paterson, Cambridge, 2003). Professor Hogan is a former president of the