Peter Hertner has just retired as Professor of Economic and Social History at the Historical Institute, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. He is now working at the European University Institute, Florence, Italy. He is an expert on the history of German foreign investments. In his numerous publications, he has made fundamental contributions on the banking and electrical industries in Germany, Italy, and Spain, as well as on the history of multinational enterprise. His current work is on German investments in the electrical industry in South America.