Dr Hans-Joachim Hahn, Emeritus Professor of German at Oxford Brookes University, has published widely on nineteenth-century German literature, especially on Novalis, Eichendorff, Heine and Freytag. His special research interests are the history of ideas from Hegel to Nietzsche and national identities in Europe. His publications include German Thought and Culture (1995), German Education and Society (1998), The 1848 Revolutions in German-Speaking Europe (2001).